Study Sheet for Christian Latin Exam

Latin I Exam

Covering material in Units 1-2 of Latin: First Year, by Robert Henle

Sentence translations will be drawn from the following vocabulary:

Latin I Nouns of the 1^st Declension

Latin	English	Latin	English
copia, ae	supply, abundance	nauta, ae	sailor
copiae, copiarum	troops, forces	porta, ae	gate
Gallia, ae	Gaul	provincia, ae	province
gloria, ae	fame, glory	Roma, ae	Rome
gratia, ae	favor, influence, grace	silva, ae	forest
gratiae, gratiarum	thanks	terra, ae	earth, land
inopia, ae	scarcity, want	via, ae	road, way
Maria, ae	Mary	victoria, ae	victory

Latin II Nouns of the 1^st Declension

Latin	English	Latin	English
litterae, litterarum	letter, dispatch	Italia, ae	Italy
fortuna, ae	fortune

Latin I Masculine Nouns of the 2^nd Declension

Like servus, i

Latin	English	Latin	English
amicus, i	friend	gladius	sword
Christianus, i	Christian	mundus	world
Christus, i	Christ	murus, i	wall
Deus, Dei	God	populus, i	people, nation
dominus, i	master, Lord	Romanus, i	a Roman
filius, i	son	servus, i	slave, servant
Gallus, i	a Gaul

Latin II Masculine Nouns of the 2^nd Declension

Latin	English	Latin	English
numerus, i	number	locus, i	place
puer, pueri	boy	ager, agri	field
vir, viri	man

Latin I Neuter Nouns of the 2^nd Declension

Like bellum, i

Latin	English	Latin	English
bellum, i	war	periculum, i	danger
caelum, i	sky, heaven	praemium, i	reward
frumentum, i	grain	regnum, i	kingdom, royal power
imperium, i	command, power, empire	signum, i	standard, signal, sign
oppidum, i	town

Latin I Neuter Nouns of the 2^nd Declension

Like bellum, i

Latin	English	Latin	English
proelium, i

Latin I Nouns like the Plural of bellum

Latin	English	Latin	English
castra, castrorum	camp	impedimenta	impedimentorum

Latin II Nouns like the Plural of bellum

Latin	English	Latin	English
hiberna, hibernorum	winter quarters	arma, armorum	arms
telum, i	dart

Latin I Nouns of the 3^rd Declension

Masculine and Feminine Nouns like lex, legis

Latin	English	Latin	English
Caesar, Caesaris	Caesar	mater, matris (matrum)	mother
clamor, clamoris	shouting, shout	miles, militis	soldier
dux, ducis	leader	pater, patris (patrum)	father
eques, equitis	horseman (pl. cavalry)	pax, pacis	peace
frater, fratris (fratrum)	brother	princeps, principis	chief, leading man
homo, hominis	man	rex, regis	king
imperator, imperatoris	commander-in-chief, general	salus, salutis	safety, welfare, salvation
legio, legionis	legion	veritas, veritatis	truth
lex, legis	law	virtus, virtutis	courage, virtue
lux, lucis	light	vox, vocis	voice, cry

Latin II Nouns of the 3^rd Declension

Latin	English	Latin	English
centurio, centurionis	a centurion	oration, orationis	speech, prayer
mors, mortis	death	civitas, civitatis	state

Latin II Nouns Nouns of the 3^rd Declension

Masculine and Feminine Nouns like pars, partis

Latin	English	Latin	English
caedes, caedis	slaughter	mons, montis, m.	mountain
collis, collis, m.	hill	pars, partis	part
gens, gentis	tribe	pons, pontis, m.	bridge
hostis, hostis	enemy (in war)	urbs, urbis	city
fines, finium	territory

Nouns of the 4^th Declension

Nouns like portus, us

Latin	English	Latin	English
adventus, us	arrival, coming	metus, us	fear
equitatus, us	cavalry	portus, us	harbor
exercitus, us	army	senatus, us	senate
impetus, us	attack	spiritus	breath, spirit

Nouns of the 5^th Declension

Nouns like res, rei

Latin	English	Latin	English
acies, aciei	battle line	res, rei	thing, affair
fides, fidei	thing, affair	spes, spei	hope

Latin I Adjectives of the 1^st and 2^nd Declension

Latin	English	Latin	English
altus, a, um	high, deep	malus, a, um	bad
angusuus, a, um	narrow	multus, a, um	much (pl. many)
bonus, a, um	good	plenus, a, um; w/gen. or abl.	full
Christianus, a, um	Christian	primus, a, um	first
cupidus, a, um; w/gen.	eager, desirous	reliquus, a, um	remaining, the rest of
finitimus, a, um; w/dat.	neighboring, next	Romanus, a, um	Roman
longus, a, um	long	sanctus, a, um	holy, saint
magnus, a, um	great, large	tutus, a, um	safe

Latin II Adjectives of the 1^st and 2^nd Declension

Latin	English	Latin	English
alienus	unfavorable, another’s, foreign	miser, misera, miserum	wretched
liber, libera, liberum	free	integer, integra, integrum	fresh, uninjured, whole

Latin II Possessive Adjectives of the 1^st and 2^nd Persons

Latin	English	Latin	English
meus, a, um	my, mine	noster, nostra, nostrum	our, ours
tuus, a, um	your, yours	vester, vestra, vestrum	your, yours

Adjectives of the 3^rd Declension

Like gravis, e

Latin	English	Latin	English
brevis, e	short	gravis, e	heavy, severe, serious
communis, e	common	nobilis, e	noble, renowned
difficilis, e	difficult	omnis, e	all, every
facilis, e	easy	similis, e; w/gen. or dat.	like, similar
fortis, e	brave, strong

Latin I Prepositions with the Accusative

Latin	English	Latin	English
in, prep. w/acc.	in, into, against, upon, on	propter, prep. w. acc.	on account of
post, prep. w/acc.	after, behind

Latin I Prepositions with the Ablative

Latin	English	Latin	English
cum, prep. w/abl.	with	pro, prep. w/abl.	in front of (before), on behalf of (for)
in, prep. w/ abl.	in, on

Latin II Prepositions with the Accusative

Latin	English	Latin	English
per	through	trans	across

Latin II Prepositions with the Ablative

Latin	English	Latin	English
de	concerning, about

Latin I Conjunctions

Latin	English	Latin	English
autem, conj. postpositive	however	itaque, conjunction	therefore, and so
et, conjunction	and	quod, conjunction	because
et ... et	both ... and	sed, conjunction	but

Latin II Conjunctions

Latin	English	Latin	English
sicut	as	neque	nor, and ... not
enim (postpositive)	for	atque (ac)	and

Latin I Adverbs

Latin	English	Latin	English
non, adv.	not	nunc, adv.	now

Latin II Adverbs

Latin	English	Latin	English
interim	meanwhile	ubi	where?
cur	why?	sempter	always
saepe	often	tamen	nevertheless
etiam	also	fortiter	bravely, strongly
ibi	there	undique	from all sides, on all sides
longe	far, by far	tum	then, at that time
ita	so, thus

Latin II Pronouns

Latin	English	Latin	English
quis	who	quid	what?
ego	I	nos	we
tu	you (sing.)	vos	you (pl.)
is, ea, id	he, she, it	sui	himself, herself, itself, themselves

Latin II Phrases to know:

in principio	in the beginning
in saecula saeclulorum	world without end forever

Latin II Particles:

Latin	English	Latin	English
-ne	particle used in questions

Latin I Verbs

Latin	English	Latin	English
orat	he, she, it prays	audivit	he, she, it heard
orant	they pray	muniverunt	they fortified, they constructed (w/ viam or vias)
videt	he, she, it sees	erat	he, she, it was
vident	they see	erant	they were
laudat	he, she, it praises	fecerunt	they made
laudant	they praise	venit	he, she, it came
dedit	he, she, it gave	venerunt	they came
dederunt	they gave	posuerunt	they put, placed, pitched (w/ castra)
incolunt	they inhabit	agunt	they give (w. gratias)
videtis	you (pl.) see
vicerunt	they conquer

Latin II 1^st conjugation verbs:

Latin	English
laudo, laudare, laudavi, laudatus	praise
occupo, occupare, occupavi, occupatus	seize
oppugno, oppugnare, oppugnavi, oppugnatus	attack, assault
oro, orare, oravi, oratus	beg, pray
paro, parare, paravi, paratus	prepare, get ready
pugno, pugnare, pugnavi, pugnatus	fight
supero, superare, superavi, superatus	overcome, conquer, surpass
porto, portare, portavi, portatus	carry
do, dare, dedi, datus	give
voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatus	call
sustineo, sustinere, susitnui, sustentus	sustain, withstand
colloco, collocare, collocavi, collocatus	place, station
incito, incitare, incitavi, incitatus	incite, arouse
adjuvo, adjuvare, adjuvi, adjutus	help, aid
servo, servare, servavi, servatus	guard, keep
perturbo, perturbare, pertubavi, perturbatus	confuse, disturb

Latin II 2^nd conjugation verbs:

Latin	English
moneo, monere, manui, monitus	warn, advise
timeo, timere, timui, --	fear
terreo, terrere, terrui, territus	terrify
habeo, habere, habui, habitus	have
video, videre, vidi, visus	see
teneo, tenere, tenui, tentus	hold
moveo, movere, movi, motus	move
maneo, manere, mansi, mansurus	remain
compleo, complere, complevi, completus	fill (with)
cedo, cedere, cessi, cessurus	give way, yield

Latin II 3^rd Conjugation verbs:

Latin	English
duco, ducere, duxi, ductus	lead, guide
gero, gerere, gessi, gestus	carry, carry on, wage (w/ bellum)
defendo, defendere, defendi, defensus	defend
instruo, instruere, instruxi, instructus	draw up, equip
mitto, mittere, misi, missus	send
vinco, vincere, vici, victus	conquer
peto, petere, petivi, petitus	seek, beg, request
pello, pellere, pepuli, pulsus	drive, repulse, rout
pono, ponere, posui, positus	put, place, set, pitch
contendo, contendere, contendi	strive, contend, hasten
ago, agere, egi, actus	drive, do, act, treat
incendo, incendere, incendi, incensus	set fire to, burn

Latin II 4^th Conjugation verbs:

Latin	English
audio, audire, audivi, auditus	hear
munio, munire, munivi, munitus	fortify, construct (w/ viam or vias)
venio, venire, veni, ventum	come
convenio, convenire, conveni	come together

Latin II Linking verb; compounds of sum

sum, esse, fui, futurus	am
absum abesse, afui, afuturus	am away, am distant

Conjugation of sum in the present tense:

sum	sumus
es	estis
est	sunt

« Conjugation of sum in the imperfect tense:

eram	eramus
eras	eratis
erat	erant

« Conjugation of sum in the future tense:

ero	erimus
eris	eritis
erit	erunt

« Conjugation of sum in the perfect tense:

fui	fuimus
fuisti	fuistis
fuit	fuerunt

Latin I Multiple choice and fill-in-the-blank will cover the following grammatical knowledge:

All nouns whose genitive ends in –ae are in the first declension.

The subject of a verb is in the nominative case.

A verb agrees with it subject in number and person.

The direct object of a transitive verb is in the accusative case.

The verb usually stands last in the sentence.

Adverbs usually stand immediately before the word they modify.

The possessive case and many English of-phases are translated by the genitive.

All nouns whose genitive singular ends in –i belong to the second declension.

All words of the second declension whose nominative ends in –um are neuter and are declined like bellum.

In all neuter nouns and adjectives the accusative is always like the nominative.

The indirect object is put in the dative case.

In Latin some prepositions are followed by the ablative case, some by the accusative case.

After a linking verb the predicate noun is put in the same case as the subject.

Forms of the verb sum may stand anywhere in the sentence.

A noun (in the nominative case) linked to the subject by a linking verb is called a predicate noun.

In the sentence, “Christus, Filius Dei, est Rex Regum,” the phrase enclosed in commas, “Filius Dei,” is called an appositive.

An appositive agrees with its noun in number and case.

In the sentence, “Sunt pericula in Gallia,” is translated into English as “There are dangers in Gaul.” The word “there” is called an expletive.

In is used with the accusative whenever movement or motion is indicated.

The masculine, feminine and neuter forms of the model second declension adjective magnus, -a, -um, are like the declensions of servus, terra, and bellum, respectively.

Adjectives agree with their nouns in gender, number, and case.

Adjectives of quantity generally precede their nouns.

Adjectives of quality generally follow their nouns.

Adjectives that modify a noun directly are called attributive adjectives.

All adjectives with –is, -e in the nominatives singular are declined like gravis, e.

Latin II will cover the above in addition to the following grammatical concepts:
In both English and Latin, verbs changes their form to express number, tense and person.

All verbs whose present infinitive active ends in –are belong to the 1^st conjugation.

A finite verb agrees with its subject in person and number.

All verbs whose present infinitive active ends in –ere belong to the 2^nd conjugation.

A predicate adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number and case.

An attributive adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number and case.

Miser, misera, miserum and integer are declined like servus in the masculine, terra in the feminine and bellum in the neuter.

Declension of 1^st Declension model noun terra:

terra	terrae
terrae	terrarum
terrae	terris
terram	terras
terra	terris

Declension of 2^nd Declension masculine model noun servus:

servus	servi
servi	servorum
servo	servis
servum	servos
servo	servis

Declension of 2^nd Declension neuter model noun bellum:

bellum	bella
belli	bellorum
bello	bellis
bellum	bella
bello	bellis

Declension of 3^rd Declension model noun lex, legis (masculine and feminine):

lex	leges
legis	legum
legi	legibus
legem	leges
lege	legibus

Declension of 3^rd Declension model noun pars, partis (masculine and feminine):

pars	partes
partis	partium
parti	partibus
partem	partes
parte	partibus

Declension of 3^rd Declension model noun flumen, fluminis (neuter)

flumen	flumina
fluminis	fluminum
flumini	fluminibus
flumen	flumina
flumine	fluminibus

Declension of 4^th Declension model noun portus, portus:

portus	portus
portus	portuum
portui	portibus
portum	portus
portu	portibus

Declension of 5^th Declension model noun res, rei:

res	res
rei	rerum
rei	rebus
rem	res
re	rebus

Declension of model 1^st and 2^nd Declension Adjective magnus, -a, -um:

magnus	magna	magnum
magni	magnae	magni
magno	magnae	magno
magnum	magnam	magnum
magno	magna	magno
magni	magnae	magna
magnorum	magnorum	magnorum
magnis	magnis	magnis
magnos	magnas	magna
magnis	magnis	magnis

Declension of model 3^rd Declension Adjective gravis, -e:

gravis	gravis	grave
gravis	gravis	gravis
gravi	gravi	gravi
gravem	gravem	grave
gravi	gravi	gravi
graves	graves	gravia
gravium	gravium	gravium
gravibus	gravibus	gravibus
graves	graves	gravia
gravibus	gravibus	gravibus

Declension of Jesus:

Jesus

Jesu

Jesu

Jesum

Jesu

Latin II 1^st Conjugation in the present active indicative:

laudo	laudamus
laudas	laudatis
laudat	laudant

« Latin II 1^st Conjugation in the imperfect active indicative:

laudabam	laudabamus
laudabas	laudabatis
laudabat	laudabant

« Latin II 1^st Conjugation in the future active indicative:

laudabo	laudabimus
laudabis	laudabitis
laudabit	laudabunt

« Latin II 1^st Conjugation in the perfect active indicative:

laudavi	laudavimus
laudavisti	laudavistis
laudavit	laudaverunt

Latin II 1^st Conjugation in the pluperfect active indicative:

laudaveram	laudaveramus
laudaveras	laudaveratis
laudaverat	laudaverant

Latin II 1^st Conjugation in the future active indicative:

laudavero	laudaverimus
laudaveris	laudaveritis
laudaverit	laudaverunt

Latin II 2^nd Conjugation of in the present active indicative:

moneo	monemus
mones	monetis
monet	monent

« Latin II 2^nd Conjugation in the imperfect active indicative:

monebam	monebamus
monebas	monebatis
monebat	monebant

« Latin II 2^nd Conjugation in the future active indicative:

monebo	monebimus
monebis	monebitis
monebit	monebunt

« Latin II 2^nd Conjugation in the perfect active indicative:

monui	monuimus
monuisti	monuistis
monuit	monuerunt

Latin II 2^nd Conjugation in the pluperfect active indicative:

monueram	monueramus
monueras	monueratis
monuerat	monuerant

Latin 2^nd Conjugation in the future perfect active indicative

monuero	monuerimus
monueris	monueritis
monuerit	monuerunt

Latin II 3^rd Conjugation in the present active indicative:

mitto	mittimus
mittis	mittitis
mittit	mittent

« Latin II 3^rd Conjugation in the imperfect active indicative:

mittebam	mittebamus
mittebas	mittebatis
mittebat	mittebant

« Latin II 3^rd Conjugation in the future active indicative:

mittam	mittemus
mittes	mittetis
mittet	mittent

« Latin II 3^rd Conjugation in the perfect active indicative:

misi	misimus
misisti	misistis
misit	miserunt

Latin II 3^rd Conjugation in the pluperfect active indicative:

miseram	miseramus
miseras	miseratis
miserat	miserant

Latin II 3^rd Conjugation in the future perfect active indicative:

misero	miserimus
miseris	miseritis
miserit	miserunt

Latin II 4^th Conjugation in the present active indicative:

audio	audimus
audis	auditis
audit	audiunt

« Latin II 4^th Conjugation in the imperfect active indicative:

audiebam	audiebamus
audiebas	audiebatis
audiebat	audiebant

« Latin II 4^th Conjugation in the future active indicative:

audiam	audiemus
audies	audietis
audiet	audient

« Latin II 4^th Conjugation perfect active indicative

audivi	audivimus
audivisti	audivistis
audivit	audiverunt

Latin II 4^th Conjugation pluperfect active indicative

audiveram	audiveramus
audiveras	audiveratis
audiverat	audiverant

Latin II 4^th Conjugation future perfect active indicative

audivero	audiverimus
audiveris	audiveritis
audiverit	audiverunt

« Latin II Declension of pronouns of the 1^st person

Singular	Plural
ego	nos
mei	nostri (nostrum)
mihi	nobis
mei	nos
mei	nobis

« Latin II Declension of pronouns of the 2^nd person

Singular	Plural
tu	vos
tui	vestri (vestrum)
tibi	vobis
te	vos
te	vobis

« Latin II Declension of pronouns of the 3^rd person

Singular:

is	ea	id
ejus	ejus	ejus
ei	ei	ei
eum	eam	id
eo	ea	eo

Plural:

ei	eae	ea
eorum	earum	eorum
eis	eis	eis
eos	eas	ea
eis	eis	eis

« Latin II Declension of Reflexive Pronoun sui:

---

sui

sibi

se

se

One of the following three readings will be included on the test:

God is Everywhere:

“Deus spiritus est.” In Caelo et in terra est. Mundum videt. Homines videt. Milites et nautas et servos videt. Matres et patres et fratres et filios videt. Homines propter virtutem laudat sed propter caedem non laudat.

Who is Christ?

Christus, Filius Dei, est filius Mariae. Itaque homo et Deus est. Christus Rex hominum est quod Deus est. In Christo est salus hominum, quod, propter salutem hominum, in mundum venit. Est “Lux Mundi” quod hominibus veritatem dedit. Itaque Christiani gratias Deo et Christo agunt, et Christum, Regem et Imperatorem, laudant.

Fratres Estis

Christus est rex hominum sed est frater hominum, et Deus est rex hominum sed est pater hominum. Itaque homines sunt fratres. Itaque bellum est caedes fratrum. Itaque Deus et Christus bellum non laudant.